Foreign Interference in All Democratic Processes in the EU (ING2 Report — A9-0187/2023)

The second INGE report, produced by the successor ING2 committee, focuses specifically on legislative gaps and the resilience measures needed ahead of the 2024 European Parliament elections — the largest democratic exercise in EU history. Building on the first report's threat mapping, ING2 evaluates what the EU legislative agenda has delivered since 2022 and where the gaps remain, with particular attention to enforcement of the Digital Services Act, transparency of political advertising, and the protection of candidates and elected officials from targeting.

The report is candid about the pace of EU institutional response relative to the threat: legislative progress has been slower than the threat landscape has evolved, and several of the first INGE report's priority recommendations remained unimplemented two years later. For practitioners tracking EU democratic resilience, the ING2 report provides the most recent authoritative assessment of where the EU stands — and where it remains vulnerable — on the eve of the most important electoral cycle in its history.